Stroke Volume
The ability of the body to make oxygen-rich blood available for working muscles is the biggest factor affecting aerobic performance. The more blood that the heart can eject per heart beat, the more work an individual will be able to do.
Stroke volume can be defined as the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart during a contraction. It is measured in mL/beat.
- Endurance training has the biggest impact on increases in stroke volume of an individual
An increase in stroke volume from training creates a heightened ability of the left ventricle to fill more completely during the diastole phase. The ability of the left ventricle to fill more completely is also linked to a decrease in resting heat rate because if there are fewer beats per minutes then the heart won't be pumping out blood as fast, therefore allowing more blood in. Training also increases blood plasma volume and this results in even more blood being able to enter the left ventricle. Endurance training can increase blood volume by half a litre in only 8 days and this results in further stretching of the ventricular wall which increases the squeezing strength.
there is also a relationship between stroke volume and heart rate which can be seen in Graph 1. It is showing that a trained athlete increases their stroke volume as they increase their heart rate but an untrained individual is unable to increase stroke volume as they increase their heart rate.
Stroke volume can be defined as the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart during a contraction. It is measured in mL/beat.
- Endurance training has the biggest impact on increases in stroke volume of an individual
An increase in stroke volume from training creates a heightened ability of the left ventricle to fill more completely during the diastole phase. The ability of the left ventricle to fill more completely is also linked to a decrease in resting heat rate because if there are fewer beats per minutes then the heart won't be pumping out blood as fast, therefore allowing more blood in. Training also increases blood plasma volume and this results in even more blood being able to enter the left ventricle. Endurance training can increase blood volume by half a litre in only 8 days and this results in further stretching of the ventricular wall which increases the squeezing strength.
there is also a relationship between stroke volume and heart rate which can be seen in Graph 1. It is showing that a trained athlete increases their stroke volume as they increase their heart rate but an untrained individual is unable to increase stroke volume as they increase their heart rate.
Watch the following video for a diagrammatic explanation:
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is directly determined by heart rate and stroke volume as the calculation for cardiac output is an individuals heart rate x their stroke volume or HRxSV. there is a major difference in cardiac output between trained and untrained individuals performing endurance activities. An untrained individual has a cardiac output of around 15-20L/min, an averagely trained individual has a cardiac output of 20-25L per minute and a highly trained athlete can have a cardiac output of up to 40L/min. This can be seen in Graph 2 below.
It is also possible that the maximum heart rate of a trained athlete may be slightly lower than that of an untrained person when both are working at their highest capacity. Also a highly trained athlete will achieve a considerably high cardiac output not from heart rate but as a result of a huge increase in stroke volume.
It is also possible that the maximum heart rate of a trained athlete may be slightly lower than that of an untrained person when both are working at their highest capacity. Also a highly trained athlete will achieve a considerably high cardiac output not from heart rate but as a result of a huge increase in stroke volume.